Tourette Syndrome is an inherited, neurological disorder
characterized by repeated and involuntary body movements (tics) and
uncontrollable vocal sounds. In a minority of cases,the vocalizations can
include socially inappropriate words and phrases-- called coprolalia. These
outbursts are neither intentional nor purposeful. Involuntary symptoms can
include eye blinking, repeated throat clearing or sniffing, arm thrusting,
kicking movements, shoulder shrugging or jumping.
The cause of Tourette Syndrome has not been established. Symptoms typically
appear before the age of eighteen, and the condition occurs in all ethnic groups
with males affected three to four times as often as females. Approximately
100,000 Americans are affected. Although the symptoms of TS vary from person to
person and range from very mild to severe, most cases are mild.
Most individuals with Tourette Syndrome are not significantly disabled by their
symptoms. In severe cases, it is possible to control many of the symptoms with
medication. In such cases, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to avoid
psychological harm. Children with Tourette Syndrome are also more likely to have
attentional problems, obsessive or compulsive behavior, impulsivity, learning
disabilities, and/or sleep disorders. Most people with TS get better as they
mature, often experiencing marked improvement in their young adult years, and
having a normal life span.