Spina Bifida is one of a group of birth defects called neural
tube defects (NTDs). It results from the failure of the spine to close properly
during the first month of pregnancy. Spina Bifida is one of the most common
severe birth defects in the United states, affecting approximately on out of
every 1000 newborns. The risk of an infant being born with spina bifida is
affected by the birth mother's diet, especially the amount of the B vitamin,
folic acid, that she consumes.
Because of paralysis resulting from damage to the spinal cord, babies born with
spina bifida may need surgeries and other extensive medical care. While the
milder forms of spina bifida can be symptomless, the most severe form may
necessitate a series of operations throughout childhood.
Often, children need to learn mobility skills. The use of braces, crutches or
wheelchairs may help them achieve more independence. Studies show that about 70%
of affected children are able to walk, with or without aids. Many children need
training to learn to manage their bowel and bladder functions, and a large
percentage also have hydrocephalus, an accumulation of fluid on the brain which
is controlled surgically with a shunt. Other common related conditions are
learning problems and an allergy to latex.
With treatment, most children with spina bifida live well into adulthood and
become active individuals.