In children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) an on-going pattern of
uncooperative, defiant, hostile behavior toward authority figures seriously
interferes with the youngster's daily functioning. Symptoms, usually seen in
multiple settings (both home and school), last for 6 months or more, and may
include:
• often loses of temper or argues with adults
• often actively defies or refuses to comply with adults' requests or rules
• often deliberately annoys others or blames them for own mistakes or
misbehavior
• is often touchy or easily annoyed by others
• is often angry, resentful, spiteful, or vindictive
5 to 15% of all school age children have oppositional defiant disorder. Its
causes are unknown. Some children with oppositional defiant disorder may go on
to develop a conduct disorder, but many will respond to positive parenting
techniques. In addition to training for parents, treatment also may include
individual or family psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and social
skills training. For managing the challenging behavior, experienced parents
suggest:
• Give praise and positive reinforcement whenever possible
• Take time out to help de-escalate conflicts
• Pick your battles
• Set reasonable limits with enforceable consequences
• Maintain interests other than your child