time
is ticking
tools
*based on productivity loss and healthcare costs associated with tobacco use.
glossary of terms
Look for tobacco-related, agency-related or industry-related terms here.
Please click on the first letter of the word.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
AAHP — American Association of Healthcare Plans; this organization coordinates communication and technical assistance for its member organization, but also supports a program “Addressing Tobacco in Managed Careâ€, funded by Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
AAP — Annual Action Plan, a document prepared each year that projects the projects or activities to be completed in the next fiscal year; a document often required by a funding authority
AARP — American Association of Retired Persons
ABCA — Alcohol Beverage Control Administration, the WV state agency taking the lead in conducting tobacco retailer inspections to ban illegal sales of tobacco to youth. State Police, municipal police and sheriffs can also conduct these inspections
ACS — American Cancer Society, one of the leading national not-for-profit organizations involved in tobacco prevention
aculturated - cultural modification of an individual or group, or people’s adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture; a merging of cultures as a result of prolonged contact
addiction — a psychological or physiological dependence on a drug (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs): physiological dependencies alter the biochemistry of the individual in such a way that not taking the drug for a period of time results in physical withdrawal symptoms; psychological dependencies alter cognitive functioning or processes in a way that an individual deems as positive. For example, individuals may smoke to decrease depressive or anxious feelings. Psychological and physiological dependence often coexist
advocacy — the set of skills used to create a shift in public opinion and mobilize the necessary resources and forces to support an issue, policy, or constituency. This term is often used in reference to supporting an issue, compared to “lobbyingâ€, which implies the use of tactics that are prohibited in state or federally-funded programs
AHA — American Heart Association, one of the leading national not-for-profit organizations involved in tobacco prevention
AHRQ — Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality-federal agency that provides guidelines particularly for tobacco cessation patient counseling by physicians
ALA — American Lung Association, one of the leading national not-for-profit organizations involved in tobacco prevention
ALF — American Legacy Foundation; established and funded by the tobacco settlement, it is an office that oversees national youth tobacco prevention and provides funding to states for the same
allied health professionals — any of the following professions, not including physicians, dentists and nurses:
lab technicians
nutritionists, dieticians
physical therapists
radiologists
respiratory therapists
social workers
ANR — Americans for Nonsmokers Rights, a leading national organization providing technical assistance and training in nonsmokers rights issues, SHS exposure, etc. ANRF (ANR Foundation) is the non-lobbying organization, which is an offshoot of ANR
ASH — Action on Smoking or Health, a leading national organization providing communication, advocacy and legal action on nonsmokers rights issues, SHS exposure, countering tobacco industry tactics
ASSIST — American Stop Smoking Intervention Study. WV was one of only 17 states funded by NCI from 1990-1998 in this project
ASTHO — Association of State & Territorial Health Officers—a group that facilitates communication between health officers and related staff. Staff of DTP are members of a regional ASTHO network to formulate recommendations to ASTHO members. The Director of Health for BPH is the lead ASTHO member in each state
ATF — Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, a federal agency that investigates tobacco smuggling and illegal activity
ATOD — alcohol, tobacco and other drugs
at-risk youth — individuals aged 12-24 in populations having high rates of tobacco use, this may include, but is not limited to minorities, pregnant teens, youth in lower socioeconomic groups, or youth in counties with a documented high level of tobacco use (see also high risk youth)
ATS — Adult Tobacco Survey conducted in WV periodically; this survey of adults asks up to 80 questions on tobacco use; subcontracted out by DTP
Alternative To Suspension programs run by schools requiring educational units for students who violate the no tobacco use policy
American Thoracic Society, the medical arm of the American Lung Association; a group to coordinate communication and training for thoracic surgeons and allied health professionals
baseline data — when determining goals for a project, this data gives you the beginning point
from which to measure; examples of baseline data include BRFSS, YRBS, YTS, PRAMS, etc.
behavior modification — a method or process of changing ones behavior by analyzing current behavior, determining healthy substitutes, and incorporating attitude/self-image change. Successful tobacco cessation programs use behavior modification
behavioral interventions — programs designed to change the behavior of the target group, some are designed to prevent tobacco use (called prevention programs) or to help people quit or reduce use (called cessation programs); some interventions can be targeted to larger audiences, such as communities by way of advertising campaign; behavioral interventions can be combined with pharmacological interventions to increase effectiveness of cessation
benefits — set project outcomes, usually translated into monetary terms; benefits may include both direct and indirect health effects or economic savings
Best Practices — Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs, produced by CDC, August 1999. It details how MSA and other funds should be spent in each state to reduce tobacco use.
bidis (beedies) — imported cigarettes from India, usually flavored, rolled in a leaf and tied with a string. We believe bidis were marketed heavily to underage youth because of the variety of kid-friendly flavors. Banned for sale in WV since 2001, (see also kreteks)
Big Tobacco or tobacco industry — term often used to refer to the network of tobacco manufacturers, distributors, marketers and sometimes even retailers
biochemical validation — to corroborate self-reported tobacco use or non-use; three commonly used methods are carbon monoxide (CO) measurement, saliva cotinine measurement, and saliva thiocyanate measurement. Note: the DTP does not require biochemical validation for its cessation programs
blunt — a method of smoking marijuana by hollowing out a cigar and putting the weed inside. Cigar odor masks the smell of the marijuana
Boards of Health (BOH) — local boards of health (county or city/county) are required to implement public health programs to protect health, and thus their efforts to enact Clean Indoor Air regulations
BPH — WV Bureau for Public Health, the agency that includes DTP
BRFSS — Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System, an annual household telephone survey conducted by each state’s health department and coordinated by CDC (see HSC)
brief cessation intervention — brief interventions tend to be between 3 and 10 minutes in duration helping individuals move along stages of change (e.g., from thinking about quitting to quitting); health care providers, educators, or other trained professionals can use this intervention in a variety of settings (schools, clinics, hospitals, etc.); best used with patient or client follow up to assess progress
CDC — Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a federal agency within US DHHS, that provides part of the funds for the DTP and is a valuable resource providing technical assistance
CDS — Community Development Specialists, a network of 18 regional specialists of the Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, who devote their time to prevention of alcohol, tobacco (up to 20% time) and other drugs
campus/campus-wide — refers to the entire property of a business or organization. Some businesses are implementing policies for a “100% smoke-free campus†to ban smoking on all the property, including grounds
cessation or quitting (as in smoking cessation or quit smoking programs) — cessation from the word “ceaseâ€; quitting smoking, quitting spit tobacco use or other tobacco use
cessation programs or curricula — interventions designed to help users quit tobacco/smoking; often school-based or group-based, targeting youth or adults; they are generally of at least moderate intensity (multiple meetings, sessions, or interactions); school or community settings offer extended meeting time and follow-up
confidentiality — the assurance to not divulge information provided by a participant during the study/project; confidentiality is often legally required
channel — the communication method, location or venue to reach a target group; example, to reach teachers, use school-based networks
Chronicle — the electronic semi-annual reporting format used by NTCP to collect data from all states and territories funded by NTCP
CIA — Clean Indoor Air, an environment free from tobacco smoke
clean indoor air (CIA) regulations or restrictions — in WV we do not use the term ordinance because cities have ordinances, but our regulations are passed by the county Boards of Health
coalition — a group of people who come together (coalesce) to take action on a specific issue; in DTP, the issues would include any tobacco prevention efforts, such as youth empowerment, enacting clean indoor air regulations, community smoking cessation, etc. In WV there are local coalitions and the state level coalition (CTFWV)
COLD/COPD — chronic obstructive lung disease/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, includes emphysema, chronic bronchitis, occupational lung diseases
collaboration — to work with one or more organizations toward a common goal, sharing communication and often resources
commotions — media-focused community activities in the youth empowerment Raze campaign
community opinion leaders — by DTP, refers to those local community leaders whose opinions can influence the general population, and who have influence over broad decision-making at the local level (city councils, county commissions, boards of health, mayors, academia, business leaders, faith leaders, legislators, etc.)
consumption — by DTP, refers to the amount of tobacco purchased, smoked or used. Ex: most adult smokers report smoking about 1 pack/day or 184 million packs of cigarettes sold/year in WV
control/comparison group — in an experiment, the control group is as closely matched as possible to the experimental group (receives intervention) and is not exposed to the intervention being examined; the comparison group, on the other hand, is as closely matched as possible to the experimental group, but the comparison group is exposed to a different intervention than the experimental group
cost effectiveness analysis — studies of the relationship between project costs and outcomes, expressed as costs per unit of outcome achieved
cost-benefit analysis — studies of the relationship between project costs and outcomes, with both costs and outcomes expressed in monetary terms — see ROI
costs — inputs, both direct and indirect, required to produce a program or intervention
cotinine — a chemical metabolite of nicotine, measured from blood samples, urine, or saliva
counter-marketing and counter-advertising — see media
CPS— Current Population Survey, conducted by the national Bureau for Employment office, often includes tobacco use questions.
CREATE — Coordination of Rehabilitation, Education, Awareness, Treatment and
Enforcement for a Drug-Free WV, a coalition addressing ATOD that includes the DTP.
criminalization — by DTP, refers to the tactic of the tobacco industry to “criminalize youth†or make it appear that youth purchasing tobacco illegally is the only reason why we have high rates of tobacco use among youth, distracting us from contributing factors such as rampant advertising, illegal sales by merchants, etc.
cross-sectional design — studies in which data are collected at one point in time.
CSAP — Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. This is a federal agency out of US DHHS (see Synar).
CTC — Center for Tobacco Cessation, funded by Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and ACS, it produces a semi-monthly e-mail newsletter communicating news and linking cessation specialists.
CTFWV — statewide Coalition for a Tobacco-Free WV, a nonprofit organization of over 150 individuals, organizations and businesses, that promotes tobacco prevention efforts, especially policy change.
DASH — Division of Adolescent and School Health, the sister office to OSH at CDC that oversees federally-funded school health programs.
de-bunk — to refute claims in Big Tobacco marketing that frame tobacco use as glamorous, normal, not a health threat, necessary for economic stability, etc.
deception rate — indicates how many people in a target population try to deceive their physician or allied health professional when discussing their consumption of tobacco or abstainance from tobacco. For pregnant women, we believe the deception rate may be 25% (25% of pregnant women lie to their physicians about the fact that they smoke), so if we have a self-reported rate of 26% of pregnant women smoking, the real rate may be 33% (or 1.25 X 26%).
de-glamorize — to make tobacco use less glamorous, to illustrate tobacco use as a truly unnecessary, abnormal/not normal, unhealthy, devastating condition.
demonize or villainize — a technique used in tobacco prevention to frame the tobacco industry and its partners as “demonsâ€â€”greedy, power-mongering peddlers of death, etc.
DHHR— WV Department of Health & Human Resources, the larger agency that includes the WV Bureau for Public Health, Office of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, and DTP.
DHHS — United States Department of Health and Human Services, contains the CDC office.
disparate population/disparities— any group in your community or state that: 1) exhibits a behavior (such as smoking or being exposed to SHS) at a higher rate than the rest of the population; 2) or has exhibited an unusual change in behavior; 3) or is expected to change its behavior due to outside influences; in WV, we have identified disparate populations as pregnant smokers, African Americans, low SES groups, non-college bound youth, and blue collar workers. Identifying disparities among populations involves using data/information to identify groups with higher rates of tobacco use or SHS exposure; eliminating disparities involves ensuring diverse communities’ participation in planning and decision-making, and their access to funding, infrastructure, services, and initiatives to reduce the disparity.
de-normalize — to illustrate that not everyone uses tobacco, it is used by only a minority of people, that it is not a normal function of life.
diversity — the degree to which a community is composed of distinct or different ethnic, racial or cultural groups; DTP encourages decision-makers to consider community diversity when designing tobacco prevention programs.
DTP — Division of Tobacco Prevention. See also WVDTP
effectiveness — the degree to which a program or intervention reaches its intended goals.
empowerment — see youth empowerment
enforcement — the efforts of an authority (person, agency) that cause people to comply with laws or regulations. In our case, we refer to enforcement of CIA regulations by county health department sanitarians, and the enforcement of laws prohibiting illegal tobacco sales to minors by ABCA, State Police, county sheriffs and city police. Also can refer to management enforcing tobacco free workplace restrictions.
EOCU — Evaluation Oversight Coordinating Unit, an office at the WVU PRC that provides technical assistance to and conducts the annual evaluations of the DTP.
EPA — U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, runs a program called “Smoke-Free Homes†to influence families to voluntarily make their homes and cars smoke-free to protect children from SHS.
ETS — environmental tobacco smoke, preferred phrase is secondhand smoke (SHS); smoke from tobacco products, includes mainstream smoke (smoke inhaled by the smoker and exhaled into the room) and sidestream smoke (smoke exiting from the tip of a burning cigarette). Secondhand smoke is estimated to cause over 50,000 deaths per year among otherwise healthy nonsmokers.
evaluation — the results of a program or project which often determines the effectiveness of the activity:
formative evaluation — produces information used in the developmental stages of a program to improve it, particularly useful in early stages of program when a program can change; undertaken during the design and pretesting of programs to guide the design process
impact evaluation — assesses the overall effectiveness of a program in producing favorable effects in the target population, usually right after the program is completed or the intervention is over; impact evaluation is linked to specific objectives (for example: compared to a control group, did significantly fewer adolescents start smoking because of the intervention?)
outcome evaluation — is data/information that measures a change in behavior of the target group, such as how many people were still not smoking six months after attending a program
process evaluation — is information such as how many people attended a program on what date, conducted by what group, to what purpose
program evaluation — the application of scientific research methods to assess program concepts, implementation, and effectiveness
summative evaluation — provides a summary of the program’s effectiveness over a specified period of time; this type of evaluation helps decision makers plan and allocate resources. A summative evaluation can be focused on the immediate impact of a program (the Impact Evaluation) or on the long-term outcome of a program (the Outcome Evaluation)
experimental (treatment) group — a group of targeted individuals to whom an intervention is delivered and whose outcome measures are compared with the control group
facilitator — often used to refer to a trained coordinator or leader for a specific program, such as a smoking cessation program
family income — categories:
Poor: Persons having family incomes below the Federal poverty level
Near poor: Persons having family incomes between 100-199 percent of the Federal poverty level
Middle income: persons having family incomes at least 200 percent of the Federal poverty level but less than $50,000
High income: Persons having family incomes at least 200 percent of the Federal poverty level and at least $50,000
FDA — US Food and Drug Administration, congressional legislation is pending that will give FDA the authority to regulate sales and promotion/advertising of tobacco
follow-up — to communicate again with a contact person or group to determine status of a project or needs; to gather more information in a program, following from the original intervention.
FTE — full time equivalents, refers to how many employees are within an organization, adding in all the part time and full time staff with appropriate percentages for work time.
generalizability — the extent to which the results of a program or intervention can have meaning as well as be put into place in other settings or with similar programs.
goal — a statement, usually general and abstract, of a desired state (such as improvement in health, etc.) toward which a program is directed; a statement of the overall purpose of the project; it communicates the intended achievements of a program ( see objective). In the NTCP we classify goals as short-term (1-2 years), intermediate (2-4 years) and long-term (4-8 years).
grassroots/grassroots organization — refers to the many people in a community, regardless of their function or title, who can influence change. Clean Indoor Air regulations are often enacted because of the many citizens who become active in supporting the issue and communicate this to the decision-makers.
grasstops — refers to people of influence in a community, whether by title or function: city and government leaders, civic organization leaders, faith leaders, academia, business leaders, etc. We often include these people in our policy change issues because they have an ability to influence many other leaders and common citizens.
Healthy People 2010 — a national project coordinated by the US Surgeon General, to determine state-specific objectives for improving the health of our citizens over a ten-year period; WV HP2010 objectives cover 28 health issues, including tobacco use
herbal or mint snuff — sold in packages like regular snuff, but are non-tobacco products that may help tobacco users cut down or quit.
high risk youth — individuals ages 12-24 in sub-populations who have high rates of tobacco use and are exposed to other conditions or circumstance associated with risks for tobacco use and other physical, emotional, or psychological health problems (see at risk youth).
HP — WV Division of Health Promotion, a sister agency to DTP, consisting of Chronic Disease Prevention, Diabetes Control, Cardiovascular Health, Physical Activity, Osteoporosis Prevention, Community Health Promotion, and Asthma Education Program.
HPS — Health Promotion Specialists or Community Health Promotion Specialists, a network of 3 specialists of the Community Health Promotion Program, providing technical assistance and communication to local communities in health promotion issues.
HSC — WV Health Statistics Center, a work unit of epidemiologists, statisticians, technicians, etc. who conduct analysis and measure various health-related statistics, including tobacco use. The DTP works very closely with the Health Statistics Center.
hookah — a water pipe (which operates with water and indirect heat) common in the Middle East, but becoming popular on college campuses. Also referred to as water pipe, nargeela, arghila, shisha, hubble-bubble.
impact — the net effects of a program.
IMPACT States — before the NTCP was funded by CDC, 33 states were funded by CDC as IMPACT states to work on tobacco prevention and control (see also ASSIST, NTCP)
in-kind — any services that your organization receives from other groups (ex: a partner doing a bulk mailing for you) or services that you provide to another group; you can put a dollar figure on it but the value is often more than the dollar figure, and it illustrates collaborative efforts.
intervention — a program or communication designed to reach a target group to influence behavior or attitude change in that group.
incidence — the number of new cases of a particular problem or condition that are identified or arise in a specified area during a specified period of time (contrast with prevalence).
inter-agency — communication, collaboration or responsibility between two or more agencies.
intervention — any program or other planned effort designed to produce changes in a target population.
key outcome indicators — refers to specific, observable and measurable characteristics or changes that represent achievement of an outcome (such as reducing cigarette use). This term is used by the NTCP in program evaluation and reporting.
kretek — similar to a bidi, a flavored cigarette imported from Asia; banned for sale in West Virginia.
legislator — a member of the WV Legislature; terms for Senators are 4 years and terms for Delegates are 2 years.
locals or local coalitions — local, usually county-based, coalitions of community members who rally together to support tobacco prevention efforts in their community.
Legislature — by DTP, refers to the WV Legislature, the legislative branch of state government that creates laws and regulations; comprised of 134 members of the WV Senate and WV House of Delegates; legislative session occurs for 60 days each year, January to March.
leukoplakia — a precancerous lesion in the lining of the mouth, usually associated with use of spit tobacco.
LGBT or GLBT — reference to lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgendered sexual orientation. LGBT is considered a special population for DTP to address because there is a high rate of smoking in this group.
lobbying — to urge a group or person responsible for making laws or regulations to vote in a certain way on your issue; DTP grantees are prohibited from lobbying (and organizing others to lobby) if funded with federal CDC funds, and similar restrictions apply to those funded with state funds; rather than lobbying, we may educate and inform the public and community opinion leaders about the facts, issues.
long-term — usually used in planning-an activity or plan that takes from 3-5 years, or in health, a condition or treatment that looks at future prognosis of several years.
low SES — low socio-economic status, a term used to refer to those in the population who have less than average education, household income, employment opportunities, etc.
low birth weight — low birth weight babies-highly associated with maternal cigarette smoking; very low BW < 1,500 grams; low BW = 1,500-2,499 grams; normal BW 2,500 grams.
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manufacturers — tobacco makers (Philip Morris, RJR, Brown & Williamson, Liggett & Myers, US Tobacco, etc.). In reference to MSA, there are participating manufacturers, or PM (those who originally signed the MSA or signed on at a later date) and non-participating manufacturers, or NPM (those that were not invited or chose not to enter into settlement).
marketing — a business term that includes the design of a product or service, how it is priced, the sales location or how it is accessed by the consumer, and advertising/promotion of the product (4Ps: product, price, place, promotion).
media — advertising — paid media used to educate or influence the public to buy a product or service. Others/also known as:
communication(s) — activities designed to share information between groups, such as newsletters, e-mail messages to groups, memos, etc.
counter-marketing — by DTP, any activity, usually media-based, designed to refute or respond to marketing by the tobacco industry; activities which supplant the efforts of the tobacco industry to reach a target group; includes messages that question the truth of the tobacco ads.
marketing — is the process of planning and executing the conception, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, services, organizations, and events to create and maintain relationships that will satisfy individual and organizational objectives media advocacy — to support the issue using any one of the media (TV, radio, internet, newspapers, billboards, posters, signage, etc.)
media advocate — a media representative who supports your issue and hopefully frames news stories or commentary in favorable light
media representative — an employee of a media outlet who reports or comments on the news
earned media — news pieces that occur because they are news worthy; the only cost for earned media is the effort on someone’s part to contact the media for their interest
paid media — media (TV or radio commercials, billboards, ads) which is paid for and specifically placed in the medium (day, time, page, etc.) to reach a certain audience
NCSA — noncommercial sustaining announcements, TV and radio spots which are provided at a lower rate, but the buyer cannot specify how many spots, dates
news release — a printed or e-mailed announcement of a program or event, usually picked up by the media for news items, resulting in earned media
public information campaign — a media-based campaign designed to provide information to the public often with the desire to change attitudes or behavior
MOD — March of Dimes, a national leading not-for-profit organization committed to the prevention of birth defects among babies; involved in counseling pregnant women to quit smoking
minor — often used as a legal term to refer to anyone under the age of 18 years (see youth).
monitoring — assessing the extent to which a program is (1) undertaken consistent with its implementation plan or design and (2) directed at the appropriate target population.
MSA — Master Settlement Agreement (Tobacco Settlement). The agreement proposed to 46 states in November 1998 (and later signed) that detailed how the tobacco industry would change its marketing of tobacco, establish the American Legacy Foundation, and make settlement payments to states over 25+ years
multicultural — an issue that effects or communication/media designed to reach more than one ethnic group or culture in your “communityâ€
NAACP— National Association for Advancement of Colored People, a national membership group which h as chapters in every state
NAAG — National Association of Attorneys General—a group to facilitate communication and training for Attorneys General and their staff. This group is the administrative agency for the Master Settlement Agreement, its funding, programs and compliance
NACCHO — National Association of City and County Health Officers, a national organization which provides communication and training to its members on a variety of health issues.
NALBOH — National Association of Local Boards of Health—a group to facilitate communication and training for the network of BOH members.
national consultants — national organizations privately or federally funded:
AI - Advovacy Institute
ALF — American Legacy Foundation
ANR — Americans for Nonsmokers Rights (ANR Foundation)
ASH — Action on Smoking or Health
ASTHO — Association of State and Territorial Health Officers
CDC — U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CSG — Center for Social Gerontology, out of the University of Michigan (Jim Bergman)
CTC — Center for Tobacco Cessation
(N)CTFK — (National) Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids
EPA – U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
NAAG — National Association of Attorneys General
NACCHO — National Association of City and County Health Officers
NALBOH — National Association of Local Boards of Health
NCCHC — National Commission on Correctional Health Care
NSTEP — National Spit Tobacco Education Program
TTAC — Tobacco Technical Assistance Consortium
TCLC — Tobacco Control Legal Consortium
TCRC – Tobacco Control Resource Center
TPLP – Tobacco Product Liability Project
WellCOA— Wellness Councils of America
NCCHC — National Commission on Correctional Health Care, an agency that provides technical assistance and training for prisons/jails concerning the health of incarcerated adults and youth.
NCTFK — National Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, a not-for-profit group funded by Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and a leader in providing technical assistance and analysis on youth tobacco prevention issues.
needs assessment — systematic appraisal of the type, depth, and scope of a problem.
NGA — National Governors’ Association—a group to facilitate communication among all state governors. This group has interest in the MSA.
nicotine dependence treatment — a term often used instead of tobacco cessation.
non-cigarette tobacco products — any tobacco product or delivery device except cigarettes and bidis.
nonsmokers — anyone, including children, who does not smoke any form of lighted tobacco.
nonusers — sometimes used to refer to anyone who doesn’t use any form of tobacco.
NOT — Not On Tobacco - gender-separate smoking cessation for high school students, owned
by American Lung Association and researched/developed by the WVU Prevention Research Center.
NRT nicotine replacement therapy, refers to products such as Nicoderm, Nicotrol, Nicorrette which supply dosage levels of nicotine for those users who are trying to quit.
NSA — National Smokers’ Alliance; evidence proves that this is a front group of the tobacco industry, namely administered by Philip Morris, to combat efforts to restrict smoking, such as clean indoor air regulations.
NSTEP — National Spit Tobacco Education Program, a national organization committed to education and communication to prevent death and disease from spit tobacco use.
NTCP — National Tobacco Control Program. All fifty states are funded by CDC in this project.
NWT — nicotine withdrawal therapy, refers to any pharmacology to help tobacco users deal with withdrawal symptoms
objective — a defined result of a specific activity to be achieved in a finite period by a specified person or group; objectives state who will experience what change or benefit by how much and by when (see goal).
OEHP — Office of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, within WV Bureau for Public Health.
OHSR — Office of Health Services Research, a division of the WVU Prevention Research Center.
OMCFH — Office of Maternal & Child and Family Health, an office within the WV Bureau for Public Health, works closely with the DTP.
OMEGA — Oil Marketing and Grocers Association, a trade group of retailers who own gas stations, convenience markets and grocery stores, usually proposing policy that supports the unregulated sale of tobacco products.
OSH — Office on Smoking and Health, the office within CDC that oversees the NTCP.
OTC — over the counter medications
outcome — the measurable result of a program or intervention.
peer to peer — usually referring to education programs, such as Teens Against Tobacco Use, where teen tobacco prevention advocates conduct education programs for elementary age students on the dangers of tobacco use. These programs can be very effective because the younger kids relate well to the big kids, rather than adults.
PEIA — Public Employees Insurance Agency, a state agency in WV that administers the self-funded health insurance for all state employees and their families (one out of every 11 people in WV is covered by PEIA).
personal identifiers — data that identifies an individual such as name or address; personal identifiers should not be collected unless you plan to conduct a follow-up survey, or there is reason to contact the individual participant at a later date for research purposes. Note: adequate provisions must be made to protect the privacy of subjects and the confidentiality of data.
pharmacological aids to cessation/pharmacological adjunct/pharmacological interventions — these drugs help people quit or reduce tobacco use; some are OTC, most are prescription; includes nicotine replacement therapy (NRT); nicotine withdrawal therapy (NWT) is non-nicotine based drugs, includes clonidine, and other anti-anxiety or antidepressants (e.g., Zyban); this type of intervention is a complement to behavioral intervention, and not a replacement; when combined with behavior modification programs, the “quitting†success rates improve.
pilot program — small scale trial run of all the procedures planned for use in the main study or major project.
planning — the process of converting goals into objectives, formulating specific interventions, and defining relevant target populations.
policy initiatives — efforts that deal with adopting laws, regulations, guidelines or rules that affect large groups of people; some policy initiatives are laws, some are voluntary. Examples include laws to restrict youth access to tobacco, regulations to restrict tobacco use in public and workplaces, and laws to administer other aspects of tobacco prevention.
population at risk — segment of the population with significant probability of having or developing a particular condition.
Potentially Reduced Exposure Products (PREPs) — these products include those introduced by manufacturers to appeal to tobacco users who are fearful of disease from regular products (Advance, Omni, Quest, Eclipse, Acord, Revel, Exalt, Ariva, Stonewall). This does not include nicotine replacement therapy products.
poverty — 2005 Poverty Guidelines from the Department of Health and Human Services; for families with more than 8 members, add $3,260 for each additional member; the poverty thresholds are updated annually for inflation with the Consumer Price Index (CPI U); the official poverty definition counts money income before taxes and excludes capital gains and noncash benefits (such as public housing, Medicaid, and food stamps):
Size of Poverty
Family Unit Guideline
1 $ 9,570
2 $12,830
3 $16,090
4 $19,350
5 $22,610
6 $25,870
7 $29,130
8 $32,390
PRAMS — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a national survey asking pregnant women specific questions on prenatal care, home environment, behavior risks factors, etc.; administered in WV by the OMCFH, within the WV Bureau for Public Health.
preempt or preemption — referred by DTP as efforts to change state law to remove the authority of county Boards of Health to regulate public health issues, such as protecting the public from secondhand smoke exposure.
prevalence (or “rate ofâ€) — number of existing cases in the population, with a particular condition in a specified area in a specified time frame. Ex: The prevalence of cigarette smoking by adults 18+ in WV in 2003 was 27.3%.
price elasticity — an economic term referring to the inverse relationship of the price of a product to consumption. The higher the price goes up, the less product is sold. This term is routinely used to calculate the expected decline in consumption when tobacco taxes cause the price to increase. Cross product price elasticity refers to the tendency for consumers to switch from one product to another when the price changes on one product (substituting spit tobacco for cigarettes when prices go up)
primary prevention — substance abuse prevention approaches that focus on deterring initial use of tobacco, alcohol, or other drugs.
pro-health — an issue or communication that supports positive health behaviors; the DTP prefers the use of this term to the negative term often used by the tobacco industry—“anti-smokingâ€.
pro-tobacco or pro-industry — an issue or communication that supports the activities of the tobacco industry (unrestricted marketing, tax advantages, trade privileges, etc.).
product liability — often refers to the legally liability of tobacco manufacturers for damages from death and disease caused by use of the products.
program — a proven, successful effort to provide information or assistance to a particular group, usually refers to an effort that can be repeated year after year
project — a one-time effort that (if repeated frequently enough) may become a program if proved effective.
PRSA — Public Relations Specialists of America; a national professional group of media and communications representatives who facilitate training and communication among peers.
Quitline — the toll-free phone center that provides cessation (cigarettes and spit) for WV adults. This service is contracted out and serves PEIA and Medicaid clients and the uninsured (paid by DTP). WV participate in the national Quitline coordinators group that strives to set standards for all tobacco cessation quitline services across the US.
random selection — selecting subjects for a study or impact evaluation in a way that everyone in the target group has an equal and known probability of being included in the study.
rates of use — also called prevalence, the % of the population that uses a product. Ex: 29% of high school students reported smoking at least one day/month.
Raze or RAZE — the WV youth empowerment movement in tobacco prevention. It is a “brand†with its own logo, philosophies, “commotionsâ€, website, etc. The main focus is high school teens.
reproducibility — the extent to which the findings of a study can be reproduced by other researchers doing replication studies.
RESA — Regional Education Service Agencies; in WV a network of eight regions, with regional offices and staff to provide support to the public school system. The DTP works closely with RESA Tobacco Prevention Specialists to coordinate teen cessation, empowerment efforts, and enforcement.
RFP/RFA/RGA/RFQ — Request for Proposal or Request for Application or Request for Grant Application or Request for Quote (the latter usually a finance term referring to a bid process to provide products or services); the written guidelines detailing how to submit information to obtain funding; the DTP issues RFPs at least once a year for funding local and state level projects.
RIP cigarettes — “reduced ignition propensity†cigarettes or fire-safe (or low-ignition) cigarettes were created using paper with thicker bands at intervals that cause the cigarette to be extinguished unless inhaled at that point. Three states now require all cigarettes sold there to be low-ignition.
risk behaviors — behaviors that increase the probability that an individual will experience an injury, disease, or specific cause of death.
risk factors — characteristics of individuals (genetic, behavioral, and environmental exposures and socio-cultural living conditions) that increase the probability that they will experience an injury, disease, or specific cause of death.
rural population — the population not classified as urban; typically the population living outside an urbanized area and having less than 2,500 inhabitants.
ROI — return on investment, we are beginning to use this label to refer to the cost (investment) of conducting programs/interventions and how much money can be saved (return) in direct healthcare costs or years, lives saved.
RTPCC — Regional Tobacco Prevention Coalition Coordinators, a network of 10 full-time local experts, subcontracted by WV Division of Tobacco Prevention, focusing on CIA, local coalitions and media.
RTPS — Regional Tobacco Prevention Specialists, a network of 8 full-time staff employed by the WV Department of Education, subcontracted by the WV Division of Tobacco Prevention, to coordinate all programs involving public schools.
RWJ — Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (not to be confused with RJ Reynolds tobacco manufacturing company); a large private family foundation that funds many health and youth issues, including the National Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids.
SAMMEC — smoking attributable morbidity and mortality economic costs; this term refers to specific formulas based on epidemiological data that projects economic costs. WV calculates “economic cost†data for smoking-related death and disease to be about $846 million/year to $1.064 billion/year. If we combine productivity losses from smoking, the total becomes about $2 billion/year.
school-based — communication, program or survey conducted within the public school system.
science-based/proven effective — refers to programs or projects that are based on pilot projects which have been proven by well-designed evaluation to effectively achieve changes in behavior or attitude.
secondary prevention — substance abuse prevention approaches that encourage people (particularly those in the early stages of use) to stop using tobacco, alcohol, or other drugs before further progression to related health problems or addiction occurs.
seepage — also called infiltration, of secondhand smoke into living quarters of other people (in multi-family dwellings); cause for legal action to guarantee apartment dwellers the right to smoke-free housing.
self-reported quitter (cigarettes/cigars/pipes/spit tobacco) — self-reported quitters include individuals who report that they have not used the respective product in a designated time period (e.g., > 7 days, 30 days, 6 months, etc.) upon measurement at completion of the given program or intervention, or other designated measurement points. Chemicals tests (such as carbon monoxide or cotinine) can be used to verify non-use. Often there is a disparity between self-reported rate and verified rate (especially among pregnant smokers).
self-selection — when a tobacco user makes a decision to enter into a program with the commitment to make a behavior change (as opposed to being directed by a physician, or a student being required to attend a program because he was found smoking at school).
sensitive issues — issues that are emotionally charged; mental health issues including, but not limited to, suicide, depression, anxiety, and end-of-life care, as well as other issues such as teen pregnancy and family violence; referral protocol for participants should be considered when including sensitive issues in a program.
SFIWV — Smoke-Free Initiative of WV, a project funded by DTP, subcontracted to the Monongalia County Health Department. This project provides technical assistance to boards of health on Clean Indoor Air regulations.
SHD — state health department, in WV, the WV Bureau for Public Health.
SHS — secondhand smoke, the preferred term instead of using ETS:
mainstream smoke — smoke which is exhaled from a smoker.
sidestream smoke — smoke which comes from the lit end of a cigarette, cigar or pipe.
SIDS — sudden infant death syndrome—or crib death; SIDS deaths are related to maternal cigarette smoking and possibly secondhand smoke exposure.
smoke-free — preferred term (instead of smokefree), meaning an environment, inside or outside, which is free from cigarette, pipe or cigar smoke.
smokeless tobacco — see spit tobacco
Smokeless States Project — a project funded by the American Medical Association and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, to eliminate smoking. Smokeless States awards competitive grants to state-level organizations.
Smokeless Tobacco Settlement — a settlement restricting advertising practices by producers of spit tobacco (namely US Tobacco, Inc.), but which involves no funds allocated to states.
smokers or cigarette smokers — anyone who uses lighted tobacco products. The DTP advises that we consider smokers and tobacco users as victims of manipulation by the industry and not adversaries to our efforts.
social indicator — periodic measurements designed to track the course of a social problem over time.
socioeconomic status — relative indicator of a person’s education, income, and occupational status
spit tobacco or smokeless tobacco — includes snuff, chewing tobacco, plug tobacco; incorrectly believed to be a safe alternative to cigarettes. The industry coined the phrase “smokeless†tobacco to infer “harmlessâ€. The DTP prefers the term “spit tobaccoâ€.
stakeholders — individuals or organizations that are directly or indirectly affected by implementation or results of the program or project.
statistical analysis plan — the plan that describes in detail the statistical procedures that will be used to determine the outcomes or effectiveness of a given program or intervention.
Surgeon General — U. S. Surgeon General, the leading medical authority in the US government. Luther Terry, MD, was the Surgeon General in 1964 when he proclaimed cigarettes as a major health risk. Major SG reports are produced by this office and widely quoted by DTP. Currently, SG is Richard Carmona, MD.
surveillance (2) — to watch over or investigate a person, office or place (such as undercover inspections of tobacco retailers for illegal sales to youth).
surveillance (1) — the process of conducting a survey within a population; surveillance and evaluation is the process of obtaining baseline data for a population or target group, and collecting outcome data for that group after an intervention has been completed, then analyzing the data to evaluate the intervention as to its effectiveness in achieving change.
survey — systematic collection of information from a defined population, usually by means of interviews or questionnaires administered to a sample of persons in the population. (like asking adults questions form the BRFSS or asking the youth questions from the YRBS or YTS surveys).
Synar or Synar Regulation — a federal regulation sponsored by Senator Mike Synar of Oklahoma, which requires each state to pass laws to prohibit tobacco sales to minors and develop plans to eliminate illegal sales to minors. Compliance with Synar Regulation is administered by the federal agency Center for Substance Abuse Prevention.
target problem — the conditions, deficiencies, or defects at which an intervention is directed.
target population — the persons, households, organizations, communities, or other units at which an intervention is directed. There may be a primary target audience (physicians trained to counsel patience in cessation) and a secondary target audience (patients receiving counseling with the hope that they will quit).
TATU — Teens Against Tobacco Use, a program of the American Lung Association designed to educate middle and high school students about the dangers and marketing of tobacco products so they in turn can present information to students in grades K-12.
TCLC — Tobacco Control Legal Consortium, based at William Mitchell College of Law in Minnesota, offers technical assistance on legal issues, and networks with other legal groups on tobacco control issues.
TCRC — Tobacco Control Resource Center, a national organization staffed by several attorneys who provide technical assistance, communication and legal action in tobacco prevention issues (also see TPLP).
tobacco manufacturers — prefer this to tobacco companies, includes Philip Morris, RJ Reynolds, Brown & Williamson, Liggett & Myers and Lorillard as cigarette manufactuers, and US Tobacco as manufacturer for spit tobacco.
“Tobacco Nazi†— a derogatory term used by some journalists to refer to those who support tobacco prevention efforts.
tobacco products — includes tobacco and tobacco delivery devices: cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos, bidis, snuff, chewing tobacco, roll-your-own tobacco, pipes, rolling papers, etc.)
tobacco use levels — different types of tobacco use include specific definitions for experimenters, current users, and frequent users. Note: for the purpose of RFPs and setting evaluation criteria, levels of use for all types of tobacco will be generally defined as follows:
1. experimenter: used it in the past 12 months but not in the past 30 days
2. current user: used it once in the past 30 days
3. frequent users: used it on 20 out of the past 30 days
tobacco users — anyone who uses any form of tobacco.
tobacco bans VS tobacco restriction policies or smoking restriction policies — a “ban†is the total elimination of tobacco or smoking in an area (applies to enclosed or open spaces); a “restriction†still allows the tobacco or smoking area to be used in some places, or during some times. WV DTP recommends bans rather than restrictions.
tobacco prevention and control or tobacco prevention — efforts to decrease the rates of tobacco use by any target group or population; it is important to include the word “prevention†in these phrases, otherwise we sound like we support tobacco use.
tobacco — tobacco may include cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, and smokeless tobacco (all types).
Tobacco Growers’ Settlement — often called Phase II of the Settlement, this settlement provides funds to tobacco growing states to allocate money to tobacco growers for lost income resulting from lower quotas and sales of tobacco.
tobacco-free — policy initiatives that promote environments where no tobacco is used, including spit tobacco; it is important to include the non-use of spit tobacco as an equity issue and to ensure that we don’t promote quitting cigarettes and substituting this with spit tobacco.
tobacco-related diseases/tobacco-related deaths — disease and death caused or exacerbated by tobacco use; includes lung diseases, cancers, heart disease & stroke, diabetes, osteoporosis, SIDS, premature birth; disease and death caused by exposure to secondhand smoke, etc.
TPLP — Tobacco Product Liability Project, a partner office of TCRC, which provides technical assistance, communication and legal action on the tobacco industry specifically as it applies to the sale of a product which is liable for death and disease.
TPP — WV Tobacco Prevention Program, the previous name for WV DTP (also formerly known as WV Tobacco Control Program.
train the trainer — any variety of programs where we hold training programs to train people who in turn, become trainers for larger groups of people; used commonly in tobacco prevention and other health promotion, education areas.
TTA — Training and Technical Assistance, one of the primary functions of the DTP.
TTAC — Tobacco Technical Assistance Consortium, operated by Emory University, this group subcontracts with ASTHO to run the communications network that links all state tobacco prevention programs. It also produces Basics of Tobacco 101 on-line coarse.
urban population — all persons living in urbanized areas (UA’s) and in places of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside UA’s.
urbanized area — one or more places and the adjacent densely settled surrounding territory that together include at least 50,000 people.
work-site or workplace — reaching business owners and their employees to promote smoke-free workplaces and tobacco cessation.
WVDTP — West Virginia Division of Tobacco Prevention
WV PRC — WV Prevention Resource Center, affiliated with Marshall University; this center facilitates collaboration among community resources and provides technical assistance in a variety of health issues.
WVHA — WV Hospital Association; an organization of hospitals and their professional and lay groups, which promotes health issues, including tobacco prevention; includes its not-for-profit Healthcare Education Fund.
WVU PRC — West Virginia University’s Prevention Research Center; this center conducts research and provides technical assistance on a variety of health issues; WVU PRC coordinates the evaluation of the DTP through its EOCU (which see).
YET — Youth Empowerment Team, the multi-agency group which provides input to the DTP in its Youth activities.
youth access to tobacco — any way in which youth get tobacco products easier and more frequently: Ex: illegal sales to youth, free give-aways, low product price, etc.)
youth criminalization — laws or policies that disproportionately impact youth for possession, use or purchase of tobacco. The tobacco industry supports laws which criminalize youth rather than tobacco retailers.
youth empowerment — to provide training and support to youth to develop them as advocates for tobacco prevention.
youth — individuals ages 0-24; it covers the period from infancy to late adolescence.
youth-led — any activity or program where the youth are leaders and decision-makers; adults usually serve as coordinators or advisors.
YRBS — Youth Risk Behavior Survey; a national survey administered in odd years (since 1993) by the WV Department of Education; the survey consists of 14 tobacco use questions for grades 9-12.
YTS — Youth Tobacco Survey; a national survey coordinated by CDC and administered periodically since 2000 by the WV Department of Education in collaboration with the WV Bureau for Public Health; the survey consists of over 50 questions for grades 6
