WV | DHHR | BPH | OEHP | HSC | PUBLICATIONS
Back to County List Tables are supplements to the West Virginia County Health Profiles - 2000 Back to List of Tables

Cause of Resident Deaths: Number and Rate
Monongalia County, 1989 - 1998

ICDA 9
Code
Number

Cause of Death
Number
of
Deaths

Rate
001-999 Total Deaths, All Causes 5,769 7.4
001-136 Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 142 18.2
001-009    Intestinal Infectious Diseases 1 0.1
009       Ill-defined 1 0.1
010-018    Tuberculosis 3 0.4
011       Pulmonary 3 0.4
030-041    Other Bacterial Diseases 103 13.2
038       Septicemia 99 12.7
039       Actinomycotic Infections 1 0.1
040       Other 2 0.3
041       In Conditions Classified Elsewhere and of Unspecified Site 1 0.1
042-044    Human Immunodeficiency Virus 20 2.6
042       Infection with Specified Conditions 17 2.2
043       Infection Causing Other Specified Conditions 1 0.1
044       Other Infection 2 0.3
050-057    Viral Diseases Accompanied by Exanthem 1 0.1
054       Herpes Simplex 1 0.1
070-079    Other Diseases Due to Viruses and Chlamydiae 2 0.3
070       Viral Hepatitis 2 0.3
110-118    Mycoses 6 0.8
117       Other 6 0.8
130-136    Other Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 6 0.8
135       Sarcoidosis 1 0.1
136       Other and Unspecified Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 5 0.6
140-239 Neoplasms 1,323 169.6
140-208    Malignant Neoplasms 1,300 166.7
140-149       Malignant Neoplasm of Lip, Oral Cavity, and Pharynx 7 0.9
141          Tongue 1 0.1
142          Major Salivary Glands 1 0.1
145          Other and Unspecified Parts of Mouth 1 0.1
146          Oropharynx 1 0.1
147          Nasopharynx 1 0.1
149          Other and Ill-defined Sites within the Lip, Oral Cavity, and Pharynx 2 0.3
150-159       Malignant Neoplasm of Digestive Organs and Peritoneum 292 37.4
150          Esophagus 21 2.7
151          Stomach 31 4.0
152          Small Intestine, Including Duodenum 2 0.3
153          Colon 104 13.3
154          Rectum, Rectosigmoid Junction, and Anus 27 3.5
155          Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Ducts 17 2.2
156          Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Bile Ducts 13 1.7
157          Pancreas 67 8.6
158          Retroperitoneum and Peritoneum 2 0.3
159          Other and Ill-defined Sites within the Digestive Organs and Peritoneum 8 1.0
160-165       Malignant Neoplasm of Respiratory and Intrathoracic Organs 390 50.0
160          Nasal Cavities, Middle Ear, and Accessory Sinuses 1 0.1
161          Larynx 5 0.6
162          Trachea, Bronchus, and Lung 383 49.1
165          Other and Ill-defined Sites within the Respiratory System and Intrathoracic Organs 1 0.1
170-175       Malignant Neoplasm of Bone, Connective Tissue, Skin, and Breast 128 16.4
171          Connective and Other Soft Tissue 15 1.9
172          Melanoma of Skin 7 0.9
173          Other Malignant Neoplasm of Skin 1 0.1
174          Female Breast 103 13.2
175          Male Breast 2 0.3
179-189       Malignant Neoplasm of Genitourinary Organs 180 23.1
179          Uterus, Part Unspecified 7 0.9
180          Cervix Uteri 9 1.2
182          Body of Uterus 16 2.1
183          Ovary and Other Uterine Adnexa 29 3.7
184          Other and Unspecified Female Genital Organs 3 0.4
185          Prostate 70 9.0
188          Bladder 22 2.8
189          Kidney and Other and Unspecified Urinary Organs 24 3.1
190-199       Malignant Neoplasm of Other and Unspecified Sites 161 20.6
191          Brain 25 3.2
192          Other and Unspecified Parts of Nervous System 1 0.1
193          Thyroid Gland 4 0.5
195          Other and Ill-defined Sites 7 0.9
199          Without Specification of Site 124 15.9
200-208       Malignant Neoplasm of Lymphatic and Hematopoietic Tissue 142 18.2
200          Lymphosarcoma and Reticulosarcoma 4 0.5
201          Hodgkin's Disease 7 0.9
202          Other Malignant Neoplasm of Lympoid and Histiocytic Tissue 54 6.9
203          Multiple Myeloma and Immunoproliferative Neoplasms 23 2.9
204          Lymphoid Leukemia 14 1.8
205          Myeloid Leukemia 26 3.3
206          Monocytic Leukemia 2 0.3
208          Leukemia of Unspecified Cell Type 12 1.5
210-229,
235-239
   
   Benign and Unspecified Neoplasms and Neoplasms of Uncertain Behavior

23

2.9
210-229       Benign Neoplasms 4 0.5
225          Brain and Other Parts of Nervous System 4 0.5
235-238       Neoplasms of Uncertain Behavior 2 0.3
238          Other and Unspecified Sites and Tissues 2 0.3
239       Neoplasms of Unspecified Nature 17 2.2
240-279 Endocrine, Nutritional, and Metabolic Diseases and Immunity Disorders 201 25.8
240-246    Disorders of Thyroid Gland 4 0.5
244       Acquired Hypothyroidism 3 0.4
246       Other Disorders of Thyroid 1 0.1
250-259    Diseases of Other Endocrine Glands 149 19.1
250       Diabetes Mellitus 149 19.1
260-269    Nutritional Deficiencies 10 1.3
262       Other Severe Protein-calorie Malnutrition 1 0.1
263       Other and Unspecified Protein-calorie Malnutrition 9 1.2
270-279    Other Metabolic Disorders and Immunity Disorders 38 4.9
270       Of Amino-acid Transport and Metabolism 2 0.3
272       Of Lipoid Metabolism 4 0.5
273       Of Plasma Protein Metabolism 1 0.1
275       Of Mineral Metabolism 1 0.1
276       Of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-base Balance 18 2.3
277       Other and Unspecified Disorders of Metabolism 4 0.5
278       Obesity and Other Hyperalimentation 4 0.5
279       Involving the Immune Mechanism 4 0.5
280-289 Diseases of Blood and Blood-Forming Organs 27 3.5
281    Other Deficiency Anemias 3 0.4
282    Hereditary Hemolytic Anemias 2 0.3
284    Aplastic Anemia 2 0.3
285    Other and Unspecified Anemias 9 1.2
286    Coagulation Defects 3 0.4
287    Purpura and Other Hemorrhagic Conditions 1 0.1
288    Diseases of White Blood Cells 1 0.1
289    Other 6 0.8
290-319 Mental Disorders 124 15.9
290-294    Organic Psychotic Conditions 51 6.5
290       Senile and Presenile 50 6.4
291       Alcoholic Psychoses 1 0.1
295-299    Other Psychoses 49 6.3
295       Schizophrenic 1 0.1
298       Other Nonorganic 48 6.2
300-316    Neurotic Disorders, Personality Disorders, and Other Nonpsychotic Mental Disorders 24 3.1
303       Alcohol Dependence Syndrome 12 1.5
305       Nondependent Abuse of Drugs 2 0.3
310       Specific Nonpsychotic Mental Disorders Following Organic Brain Damage 10 1.3
320-389 Diseases of the Nervous System and Sense Organs 146 18.7
320-326    Inflammatory Diseases of the Central Nervous System 6 0.8
320       Bacterial Meningitis 2 0.3
322       Meningitis of Unspecified Cause 2 0.3
323       Encephalitis, Myelitis, and Encephalomyelitis 2 0.3
330-337    Hereditary and Degenerative Diseases of the Central Nervous System 109 14.0
330       Cerebral Degenerations Usually Manifest in Childhood 1 0.1
331       Other Cerebral Degenerations 63 8.1
332       Parkinson's Disease 32 4.1
333       Other Extrapyramidal Disease and Abnormal Movement Disorders 5 0.6
334       Spinocerebellar Disease 1 0.1
335       Anterior Horn Cell Disease 7 0.9
340-349    Other Disorders of the Central Nervous System 28 3.6
340       Multiple Sclerosis 5 0.6
343       Infantile Cerebral Palsy 4 0.5
344       Other Paralytic Syndromes 3 0.4
345       Epilepsy 4 0.5
348       Other Conditions of Brain 9 1.2
349       Other and Unspecified 3 0.4
350-359    Disorders of the Peripheral Nervous System 3 0.4
358       Myoneural Disorders 3 0.4
390-459 Diseases of the Circulatory System 2,433 311.9
390-448    Major Cardiovascular Disease 2,420 310.3
390-398,
402,
404-429
   
   
      Diseases of the Heart


1,729


221.7
393-398          Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease 14 1.8
394             Diseases of Mitral Valve 3 0.4
396             Diseases of Mitral and Aortic Valves 3 0.4
397             Diseases of Other Endocardial Structures 2 0.3
398             Other Rheumatic Heart Disease 6 0.8
401-405          Hypertensive Disease 79 10.1
401             Essential Hypertension 22 2.8
402             Hypertensive Heart Disease 42 5.4
403             Hypertensive Renal Disease 11 1.4
404             Hypertensive Heart and Renal Disease 4 0.5
410-414          Ischemic Heart Disease 991 127.1
410             Acute Myocardial Infarction 505 64.7
411             Other Acute and Subacute Form of Ischemic Heart Disease 4 0.5
412             Old Myocardial Infarction 3 0.4
413             Angina Pectoris 2 0.3
414             Other Forms of Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease 477 61.2
415-417          Diseases of Pulmonary Circulation 33 4.2
415             Acute Pulmonary Heart Disease 28 3.6
416             Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease 5 0.6
420-429          Other Forms of Heart Disease 645 82.7
421             Acute and Subacute Endocarditis 2 0.3
422             Acute Myocarditis 1 0.1
423             Other Diseases of Pericardium 3 0.4
424             Other Diseases of Endocardium 50 6.4
425             Cardiomyopathy 77 9.9
426             Conduction Disorders 2 0.3
427             Cardiac Dysrhythmias 188 24.1
428             Heart Failure 198 25.4
429             Ill-defined Descriptions and Complications of Heart Disease 124 15.9
430-438       Cerebrovascular Disease 390 50.0
430          Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 17 2.2
431          Intracerebral Hemorrhage 39 5.0
432          Other and Unspecified Intracranial Hemorrhage 13 1.7
433          Occlusion and Stenosis of Precerebral Arteries 1 0.1
434          Occlusion of Cerebral Arteries 19 2.4
436          Acute but Ill-defined 276 35.4
437          Other and Ill-defined 11 1.4
438          Late Effects of 14 1.8
440-448       Diseases of Arteries, Arterioles and Capillaries 268 34.4
440          Atherosclerosis 182 23.3
441          Aortic Aneurysm 57 7.3
443          Other Peripheral Vascular Disease 20 2.6
444          Arterial Embolism and Thrombosis 4 0.5
446          Polyarteritis Nodosa and Allied Conditions 2 0.3
447          Other Disorders of Arteries and Arterioles 3 0.4
451-459    Diseases of Veins and Lymphatics and Other Diseases of Circulatory System 13 1.7
452       Portal Vein Thrombosis 1 0.1
453       Other Venous Embolism and Thrombosis 1 0.1
457       Noninfective Disorders of Lymphatic Channels 1 0.1
458       Hypotension 5 0.6
459       Other Disorders of Circulatory System 5 0.6
460-519 Diseases of the Respiratory System 568 72.8
460-466    Acute Respiratory Infections 4 0.5
464       Laryngitis and Tracheitis 1 0.1
466       Bronchitis and Bronchiolitis 3 0.4
480-487    Pneumonia and Influenza 177 22.7
481       Pneumococcal Pneumonia 4 0.5
482       Other Bacterial Pneumonia 10 1.3
483       Pneumonia Due to Other Specified Organism 1 0.1
485       Bronchopneumonia, Organism Unspecified 3 0.4
486       Pneumonia, Organism Unspecified 154 19.7
487       Influenza 5 0.6
490-496    Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Allied Conditions 290 37.2
490       Bronchitis, Not Specified as Acute or Chronic 3 0.4
491       Chronic Bronchitis 11 1.4
492       Emphysema 40 5.1
493       Asthma 11 1.4
494       Bronchiectasis 2 0.3
496       Chronic Airways Obstruction, Not Elsewhere Classified 223 28.6
500-508    Pneumoconioses and Other Lung Diseases Due to External Agents 49 6.3
500       Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis 15 1.9
501       Asbestosis 2 0.3
502       Pneumoconiosis Due to Other Silica or Silicates 1 0.1
507       Pneumonitis Due to Solids and Liquids 31 4.0
510-519    Other Diseases of Respiratory System 48 6.2
510       Empyema 2 0.3
511       Pleurisy 3 0.4
512       Pneumothorax 3 0.4
513       Abscess of Lung and Mediastinum 1 0.1
514       Pulmonary Congestion and Hypostasis 5 0.6
515       Postinflammatory Pulmonary Fibrosis 10 1.3
516       Other Alveolar and Parietoalveolar Pneumopathy 1 0.1
518       Other Diseases of Lung 18 2.3
519       Other Diseases of Respiratory System 5 0.6
520-579 Diseases of the Digestive System 192 24.6
520-529    Diseases of Oral Cavity, Salivary Glands and Jaws 1 0.1
527       Diseases of the Salivary Glands 1 0.1
530-537    Diseases of Esophagus, Stomach, and Duodenum 22 2.8
530       Diseases of Esophagus 8 1.0
531       Gastric Ulcer 4 0.5
532       Duodenal Ulcer 3 0.4
533       Peptic Ulcer, Site Unspecified 2 0.3
535       Gastritis and Duodenitis 1 0.1
536       Disorders of Function of Stomach 1 0.1
537       Other Disorders of Stomach and Duodenum 3 0.4
540-543    Appendicitis 2 0.3
540       Acute 2 0.3
550-553    Hernia of Abdominal Cavity 2 0.3
550       Inguinal 1 0.1
553       Other, without Mention of Obstruction or Gangrene 1 0.1
555-558    Noninfectious Enteritis and Colitis 15 1.9
555       Regional Enteritis 1 0.1
557       Vascular Insufficiency of Intestine 11 1.4
558       Other Noninfective Gastroenteritis and Colitis 3 0.4
560-569 Other Diseases of Intestines and Peritoneum 53 6.8
560       Intestinal Obstruction without Mention of Hernia 19 2.4
562       Diverticula of Intestine 14 1.8
564       Functional Digestive Disorders, Not Elsewhere Classified 3 0.4
567       Peritonitis 6 0.8
568       Other Disorders of Peritoneum 1 0.1
569       Other Disorders of Intestine 10 1.3
570-579    Other Diseases of Digestive System 97 12.4
571       Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis 39 5.0
572       Liver Abscess and Sequelae of Chronic Liver Disease 16 2.1
573       Other Disorders of Liver 4 0.5
574       Cholelithiasis 1 0.1
576       Other Disorders of Biliary Tract 6 0.8
577       Diseases of Pancreas 7 0.9
578       Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage 24 3.1
580-589 Nephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome, and Nephrosis 77 9.9
580    Acute Glomerulonephritis 1 0.1
584    Acute Renal Failure 15 1.9
585    Chronic Renal Failure 15 1.9
586    Renal Failure, Unspecified 46 5.9
590-599 Other Diseases of Urinary System 54 6.9
590    Infections of Kidney 1 0.1
593    Other Disorders of Kidney and Ureter 9 1.2
596    Other Disorders of Bladder 1 0.1
599    Other Disorders of Urethra and Urinary Tract 43 5.5
614-616 Inflammatory Disease of Female Pelvic Organs 1 0.1
614    Of Ovary, Fallopian Tube, Pelvic Cellular Tissue, and Peritoneum 1 0.1
617-629 Other Disorders of Female Genital Tract 1 0.1
618    Genital Prolapse 1 0.1
680-709 Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue 9 1.2
680-686    Infections of Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue 2 0.3
682       Other Cellulitis and Abscess 2 0.3
700-709    Other Diseases of Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue 7 0.9
707       Chronic Ulcer of Skin 7 0.9
710-719 Arthropathies and Related Disorders 14 1.8
710    Diffuse Diseases of Connective Tissue 6 0.8
714    Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Inflammatory Polyarthropathies 6 0.8
716    Other and Unspecified Arthropathies 2 0.3
725-729 Rheumatism, Excluding the Back 2 0.3
728    Disorders of Muscle, Ligament, and Fascia 2 0.3
730-739 Osteopathies, Chondropathies, and Acquired Musculoskeletal Deformities 5 0.6
730    Osteomyelitis, Periostitis, and Other Infections Involving Bone 2 0.3
737    Curvature of Spine 3 0.4
740-759 Congenital Anomalies 41 5.3
740    Anencephalus and Similar Anomalies 3 0.4
742    Other, of Nervous System 6 0.8
745    Bulbus Cordis Anomalies and Anomalies of Cardiac Septal Closure 4 0.5
746    Other, of Heart 9 1.2
747    Other, of Circulatory System 5 0.6
748    Of Respiratory System 2 0.3
753    Of Urinary System 2 0.3
756    Other Congenital Musculoskeletal Anomalies 4 0.5
758    Chromosomal Anomalies 2 0.3
759    Other and Unspecified 4 0.5
760-779 Certain Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period 33 4.2
760    Fetus or Newborn Affected by Maternal Conditions Which May Be Unrelated to Present Pregnancy 1 0.1
764    Slow Fetal Growth and Fetal Malnutrition 1 0.1
765    Disorders Relating to Short Gestation and Unspecified Low Birthweight 11 1.4
768    Intrauterine Hypoxia and Birth Asphyxia 1 0.1
769    Respiratory Distress Syndrome 4 0.5
770    Other Respiratory Conditions of Fetus and Newborn 4 0.5
771    Infections Specific to the Perinatal Period 2 0.3
772    Fetal and Neonatal Hemorrhage 3 0.4
777    Perinatal Disorders of Digestive System 1 0.1
778    Conditions Involving the Integument and Temperature Regulation of Fetus and Newborn 1 0.1
779    Other and Ill-defined Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period 4 0.5
780-799 Symptoms, Signs, and Ill-Defined Conditions 46 5.9
780-789    Symptoms 10 1.3
780       General 3 0.4
783       Concerning Nutrition, Metabolism and Development 1 0.1
785       Involving Cardiovascular System 5 0.6
786       Involving Respiratory System and Other Chest Symptoms 1 0.1
797-799    Ill-Defined and Unknown Causes of Morbidity and Mortality 36 4.6
797       Senility without Mention of Psychosis 1 0.1
798       Sudden Death, Cause Unknown 8 1.0
799       Other 27 3.5
E800-999* External Causes of Injury and Poisoning 330 42.3
E800-949    Accidents, All Forms 218 27.9
E810-825       Motor Vehicle Accidents 102 13.1
E810-819          Motor Vehicle Traffic Accidents 98 12.6
E812             Other Collision with Another Motor Vehicle 40 5.1
E813             Collision with Other Vehicle 1 0.1
E814             Collision with Pedestrian 6 0.8
E815             Other Collision on the Highway 6 0.8
E816             Loss of Control, without Collision on the Highway 15 1.9
E818             Other Noncollision 8 1.0
E819             Unspecified Nature 22 2.8
E820-825          Motor Vehicle Nontraffic Accidents 4 0.5
E821             Other Offroad Motor Vehicle 2 0.3
E822             Collision with Moving Object 1 0.1
E823             Collision with Stationary Object 1 0.1
E830-838       Water Transport Accidents 3 0.4
E830          Accident to Watercraft Causing Submersion 1 0.1
E831          Accident to Watercraft Causing Other Injury 1 0.1
E838          Other and Unspecified 1 0.1
E840-845       Air and Space Transport Accidents 15 1.9
E841          Accident to Powered Aircraft, Other and Unspecified 15 1.9
E850-949       Nonmotor Vehicle Accidents 98 12.6
E850-858          Accidental Poisoning by Drugs, Medicaments, and Biologicals 4 0.5
E850             Analgesics, Antipyretics, Antirheumatics 1 0.1
E855             Other Drugs Acting on Central and Autonomic Nervous Systems 1 0.1
E858             Other Drugs 2 0.3
E870-876          Misadventures to Patients During Surgical and Medical Care 1 0.1
E870             Accidental Cut, Puncture, Perforation or Hemorrhage During Medical Care 1 0.1
E878-879
   
         Surgical and Medical Procedures as the Cause of Abnormal Reaction of Patient or Later
            Complication, without Mention of Misadventure At the Time of Procedure

7

0.9
E878
   
               Surgical Operation and Other Surgical Procedures as the Cause of Abnormal Reaction of
                  Patient, or of Later Complication, without Mention of Misadventure At the Time of Operation

6

0.8
E879
   
               Other Procedures, without Mention of Misadventure At the Time of Procedure, as the Cause
                  of Abnormal Reaction of Patient, or of Later Complication

1

0.1
E880-888          Accidental Falls 44 5.6
E880             On or from Stairs or Steps 9 1.2
E881             On or from Ladders or Scaffolding 2 0.3
E882             From or Out of Building or Other Structure 1 0.1
E884             Other from One Level to Another 4 0.5
E885             On Same Level from Slipping, Tripping, or Stumbling 1 0.1
E887             Fracture, Cause Unspecified 2 0.3
E888             Other and Unspecified 25 3.2
E890-899          Accidents Caused by Fire and Flames 3 0.4
E890             Conflagration in Private Dwelling 3 0.4
E900-909          Accidents Due to Natural and Environmental Factors 1 0.1
E905             Venomous Animals and Plants as the Cause of Poisoning and Toxic Reactions 1 0.1
E910-915          Accidents Caused by Submersion, Suffocation, and Foreign Bodies 19 2.4
E910             Accidental Drowning and Submersion 6 0.8
E911             Inhalation and Ingestion of Food Causing Obstruction of Respiratory Tract or Suffocation 5 0.6
E912
   
            Inhalation and Ingestion of Other Object Causing Obstruction of Respiratory Tract or
               Suffocation

5

0.6
E913             Accidental Mechanical Suffocation 3 0.4
E916-928          Other Accidents 16 2.1
E916             Struck Accidentally by Falling Object 7 0.9
E919             Caused by Machinery 5 0.6
E921             Caused by Explosion of Pressure Vessel 1 0.1
E923             Caused by Explosive Material 1 0.1
E925             Caused by Electric Current 2 0.3
E929          Late Effects of Accidental Injury 2 0.3
E929             Late Effects of Accidental Injury 2 0.3
E930-949          Drugs, Medicaments, and Biological Substances Causing Adverse Effects in Therapeutic Use 1 0.1
E933             Primarily Systemic Agents 1 0.1
E950-959    Suicide and Self-Inflicted Injury 90 11.5
E950       Poisoning by Solid or Liquid Substances 6 0.8
E952       Poisoning by Other Gases and Vapors 4 0.5
E953       By Hanging, Strangulation, and Suffocation 10 1.3
E954       By Submersion (Drowning) 5 0.6
E955       By Firearms and Explosives 62 7.9
E956       By Cutting and Piercing Instruments 1 0.1
E957       By Jumping from High Place 2 0.3
E960-969    Homicide and Injury Purposely Inflicted by Other Persons 15 1.9
E964       By Submersion (Drowning) 1 0.1
E965       By Firearms and Explosives 5 0.6
E966       By Cutting and Piercing Instruments 5 0.6
E967       Child Battering and Other Maltreatment 1 0.1
E968       By Other and Unspecified Means 3 0.4
E980-989    Injury Undetermined Whether Accidentally or Purposely Inflicted 7 0.9
E980       Poisoning by Solid or Liquid Substances 2 0.3
E984       Submersion (Drowning) 1 0.1
E985       Injury by Firearms and Explosives 2 0.3
E988       Injury by Other and Unspecified Means 2 0.3
ICDA 9
Code
Number

Cause of Death
Number
of
Deaths

Rate

* Maternal death rates are per 100,000 live births
** Causes 800-999 have been coded using E External ICDA 9 Codes

Last updated March 7, 2001.

If you have further questions about West Virginia vital statistics data, you may contact the Health Statistics Center at:
Phone: 304-558-9100
Email:dhhrvitalreg@wv.gov
WV | DHHR | BPH | OEHP | HSC | PUBLICATIONS | Top of Page